Economy, Religion, Government & Education

The essence of politics is power. magnate is the capacity of people or groups to control or influence the actions of others, whether those others wish to cooperate or not. There are three mechanisms for commanding the actions of others reward, punishment, and controlling of information.Authority and power legitimating Two classification of Power that categorized by Sociologist Legitimate power Power used in a way that is gener exclusivelyy recognized as socially right and necessary. love child power Power used without social approval. Example Gangsters who demand and witness protection money from a shopkeeper y threatening violence are using illegitimate power. Government agencies that demand and receive a sales tax from the same shopkeeper are using legitimate power. Democracy literally means rule of the people. In a true democracy, the powers of governance derive from the ballock consent of the governed, and citizens generate a right to participate in decision-making proc ess. In a representative democracy, the most common type, citizens select for officials to represent them. Only in very small democratic systems can each citizen affect politics by direct involvement this hype of democracy is called participatory or direct democracy. Totalitarianism is take place by a single party, in which there is governmental surveillance and control over all aspects of life.The totalitarian evoke creates an official ideology, a total world view and a set of rules of behavior. agree worldviews are suppressed, rival phantasmal groups are persecuted, and the works of many artists and intellectuals are censored. Authoritarianism Authoritarianism crowning(prenominal) self-assurance is vested in a single person. The ruler may be either a monarch butterfly (a genic ruler), or a dictator (someone who as come to power and typically holds that power by means of force). Ideology and political parties do not play a major role in the authoritarian regime.There ar e important differences between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes An authoritarian regime is one that does not tolerate political opposition but is prepared to allow institutions and sectors of society to function free of the state provided they do not engage in political activity. A totalitarian regime is one that seeks to cut back state control over every institution of society, regardless of whether it engages in within an all-embracing political design. Berger, 198683-84) Authority refers to legitimate power that is institutional in nature.Max Weber classified the main sources of social authority into three types Traditional authority is authority that is conferred by custom and accepted practice. In a hereditary monarchy, the power of the head of the government is legitimated by birth. Charismatic authority is authority that is generated by the personality or exceptional personal appeal of an individual. Legal-rational authority is authority that rests on rationally estab lished rules. State virtually legitimate power or authority is found in every group or organization.Formal and Non-Formal pedagogics Informal education is learning through interaction with others in the group. Non- formal education consists of sets of definite learning goals and objectives. Non- formal education is not covered by traditional school system. Social organizations, private companies, government offices, livelihood training centers, and other institutions administer non-formal education. Formal education is synonymous with school. It sets definite goals and objectives reached through systematized, formal instruction methods. Schools are run by the state, by private individuals or reparations, or by religious groups.