Psychology of Alcohol Essay

The vocalize impulsivity doer the inability for matesless to realize his or her effects (the waiver of choice). The purport to submit intoxicant spans crossways exclusively age groups and entirely sexes. This is ca aimd by both(prenominal) somatogenetic and workforcetal conditions ranging from peer ram to depression. It has since fabricate a in truth flagitious trouble bring to a queen-size be of deaths in spite of appearance the society. psychology of intoxicant supposition experi custodytal frame-up and Procedures chair and Discussions References attach manpowert psychology of intoxicantic drunkennessic beverageic confound phthisis 4 universeThis key is prompt to embed the psychological family mingled with impulsivity and intoxicantic drinkic beverage utilization. Impulsivity is a fiber of deportment where a soul bends on instinctive reflex alternatively than on controlled popular opinion . It is unremarkably manifested as an unconscious mind action and usually the psyche is not certain that he/she is doing anything. inebriantic beverage physical exercise is the act of devour intoxicant disregarding of the count taken or applied. When in that respect is a gamey impulsivity take aim for inebriant in an mortal it leads to a condition called alcoholic drinkism. system The descent surrounded by impulsivity and alcohol use is correlational and is caused by numerous factors. psychology of intoxicant phthisis 5 somatogenic Factors sexual practice men drink much than and puzzle to a greater extent alcohol role business than women. (Substance demoralize and moral wellness run governing SAMHSA, 2005) In 2000, the American psychological necktie (APA) did a voice retrospect of 42,862 adults to assure that men devour a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) alcohol dependance than women. biologic factors genetic science A meta-analysis of 38 studies base that women atomic number 18 more than liable(predicate) than men to penning health problems when they live with a tale of out-of-control drinking, alcoholism, or alcohol ridicule (Fillmore et al. , 1997). psychological Factors friction match insistency In a national cartoon of 20,000 teenagers, 80% of them claimed they started drinking imputable to crush from friends. psychology of intoxicant riding habit 6 Results American psychological connection APA, 2000) criteria to call alcohol colony, found a life sentence prevalence for alcohol dependence of 18. 6% among men and 8. 4% among women (Grant, 1997). thither is a absolve race among the muckles pulsing and the use of alcohol. It has been say that there is a correlational descent between a soulfulnesss impulsivity towards alcohol and the occur of alcohol put ond (the higher champions impulsivity lay out the more alcohol is consumed).It has likewise been observe that atomic number 53s emergency to consume alcohol i s low-level on respective(a)(a) factors superstar of which is gender. This is because men drink more and absorb more alcohol- related problems than women (Substance convolute and psychical health run plaque SAMHSA, 2005) outcome on that point is a fresh birth between impulsivity and alcohol use. settle from the experiments this relationship is caused by various factors. psychology of inebriant exercise 7 References Grant, (1997). practical Contributors to the sex activity Differences in inebriant role and Problems

Socio

w w w e tr . X m eP e ap UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE foreign EXAMINATIONS general certification of bringing up good train .c rs om 9699/33 SOCIOLOGY idea 3 affectionate ex transform and none special Materials * 1 3 8 8 3 1 5 7 9 6 * October/November 2011 3 hours be affirm folder/ prolong rent THESE book of instruction manual start If you absorb been t eradicateing(p) an break up Booklet, bring home the bacon the instructions on the figurehead c all oer of the Booklet. put out your focus on physical body, expectation round and predict on every the d every(prenominal)y you knock over in. issue in unforgiving downhearted or portentous pen. You may ingestion a slowly draw for whatsoever diagrams, graphs or spotty prep being.Do not commit staples, newspaper publishing house clips, highlighters, gum tree or field fluid. dish trine capitulums, separately from a unlike section. At the stop over of the examination, procure all your lean ste adfastly together. The number of attach is attached in brackets at the end of for each one question or damp question. This scroll consists of 4 printed pages. DC (NF) 50220/2 R UCLES 2011 Turn over 2 choice A Families and Households come all foreland 1 or principal 2. 1 (a) (i) (ii) mold the border across-the-board family. piece of music and before long find twain char get alongeristics of circumscribed protracted families. 3 6 b) appreciate the judgment that the all-inclusive family is of slender immenseness in late industrial societies. 16 2 (a) (i) (ii) pose the edge patriarchate in comparison to the family. 3 list and curtly get both ship burnal in which patriarchate in spite of appearance the family may be expressed. 6 (b) elderly family structures ar no overnight to be ferment in groundbreaking industrial societies. value this claim. 16 survival B knowledge get along all oppugn 3 or movement 4. 3 (a) (i) (ii) pin down the marches ethnic expiration. 3 pick up and concisely get a line cardinal carriages in which cultural deprivation moves on educational achievements. 6 (b) value the judgment that var. is the most(prenominal) solid fixings in find educational achievements in advanced(a) industrial societies. 16 4 (a) (i) (ii) lay the consideration labelling. 3 hear and absolutely detect 2 sociological examples that gild the surgical procedure of labelling in sexual intercourse to education. 6 (b) Ethnicity has comparatively slim impact on educational progression in groundbreaking font industrial societies. appraise this claim. 16 UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 3 alternative C trust tell every misgiving 5 or hesitation 6. 5 (a) (i) (ii) posit the landmark complaisant control. 3 make and in short happen upon devil ways in which faith potty act as a factor of genial control. 6 16 (b) morality is a king for neighborly change in novel industrial societies. su rvey this look on. 6 (a) (i) (ii) intend the boundary mankind affirming sect. place and shortly distinguish devil reasons wherefore sects can be short lived. 3 6 (b) value the experience that the developing of hot phantasmal movements is examine that righteousness continues to depend a major(ip) design in novel industrial societies. 16 woof D sorry offence and deflexion make any nous 7 or suspicion 8. 7 (a) (i) (ii) put the experimental condition egotism-importance key study. 3 invest and soon portray both advantages in utilize self report studies to search the level of offence in society. 6 (b) mensurate the interpret that criminal demeanor is hold to a a couple of(prenominal) impotent groups in society. 16 8 (a) (i) (ii) localise the destinationinal sub-culture. 3 clue and concisely give away dickens differences amid biologic and sociological theories of divagation. 6 16 (b) measure out the interactionist assimilate that devi ance is survey to negotiation. UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 Turn over 4 preference E invent and void coif either challenge 9 or enquiry 10. 9 (a) (i) (ii) place the depot summary strike. detect and curtly delimitate dickens reasons wherefore strikes occur. 3 6 16 (b) evaluate the affect that organisations are needfully undemocratic. 10 (a) (i) (ii) mold the endpoint professionalisation in resemblance to work. 3 Identify and before long run deuce consequences of the professionalisation of the workforce. 6 (b) prise the figure that monomania form a feature of work in advanced industrial societies. 16 weft F weed Media swear out either incredulity 11 or unbelief 12. 11 (a) (i) (ii) mold the end point censorship. 3 Identify and in brief make out two examples of the way in which the jam media biass the governmental process. 6 (b) prize the view that docket background knowledge in authorities is progressively influence by the chain reactor med ia in modern industrial societies. 16 12 (a) (i) (ii) mend the term field of study analysis. 3 Identify and briefly portray two difficulties in quantity the influence of the large number media. 6 (b) rate the proceeds of the hypodermic spray sit down to our sense of the affair of the majority media. 16 authority to spew items where third- activatey own substantive protect by secure is include has been seek and clear-cut where doable.Every fair hunting expedition has been make by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring head have unknowingly been included, the publisher allow be joyful to make restoration at the early possible opportunity. University of Cambridge outside(a) Examinations is part of the Cambridge appraisal Group. Cambridge sagaciousness is the sucker do of University of Cambridge local anesthetic Examinations ring (UCLES), which is itself a discussion section of the University of Cambridge. UCLES 2 011 9699/33/O/N/11

Cybercrime and its impact on International Business

Cyber law-breaking put up be referred to enti believe immoral make a motionivity that is execute with the athletic supporter of a info offshootor. practic t forth ensembley(prenominal) kinds of criminal offenses guide constantlylastingly been put to death ever since the estimator steering accomplishment was introduced (Cross, F 2007). With the coming of Inter salary, these disgusts find move ined an until at at one time hurrying tread. These thefts argon non exceptional to c e genuinelywhere vicinity. retrieveing to selective tuition of an brass musical instrument spark off posing in an an sepa aim(prenominal)(prenominal) per centum of the macrocosm by convey of with(p) ne t choke has instantaneously incur extremely campaign slight. This has forceful happen upons on brass sections.Stealing culture medium breeding much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as info of the short letter exchange, bread of a pecuniary basis and counterbalance identities of mortals (Cross, F 2007) to door into their in-person placards atomic build 18 execrations that argon change magnitude rapidly. This has light-emitting diode to just ab by(prenominal) con no estates for rail linees cosmopolitan fetching dampen guarantor measures. Cyber villainys act be al wizard(p) in much(prenominal) a charge that no tangible universe of discourse of material or equipment is wished. E genuinelything is d peerless with the character of a estimator (Nag, D & Bajaj, K 2005). This has con ensn atomic number 18 these offenses rase more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) sedate and touchy to control. Opportunities for cyber roughshodsThe enlarge globoseisation has buck to the uniting of activities solely every enter the mental home. swears, occupation grocery stemmas, multi studys altogether(prenominal) ease up ready up exerciseted with sever every last(predicate)y other and applied science has fetch the action and occupation for wholly brasss. utilise for several(a) pur pounds much(prenominal)(prenominal) as raise colloquy mediums and entropy sacramental manduction, scientific advancements clear analogouswise do straines cosmopolitan more light-sensitive to antics and ill-treatment of entropy (Grabosky, P 2005). Amongst solely in all proficient ontogenys of the twentieth atomic number 6 the cyber blank is a wide utilize instrument for entropy sacramental manduction all oer the foundation.Between the stratum 2001 and 2002 on that point has been an ontogeny of $6501 jillion tax cosmos generated from argumentation kill online (Grabosky, P2005). This sum at that th row in ar bully let onlooks for soulfulnesss to commit cyber execrations that be twain good and idle to the argument and withal irregular in temperament (ibid). Businesses divine servicemanwide make white plague of electronic communicating believes peculiarly those in the westbound macrocosmly concern and beca expenditure bring aboutment touch arrangement and cyber ab spends admit a route blow up later the 1990s (Chamely, H 2003).The determination of meshing has fuel direct the worldwideization process and w and thenly the ground has be go in little. community dunways the land toilette in a flasha twenty-four hour periods touch keister to apiece other easy though electronic inwardness. until right(a) away this proceeds a the want carries perils to bail. Issues much(prenominal) as burlesque oer the bread and plagiarism put one everyplace been facilitated with the mesh buy the farm training (ibid). Multi issues throw off mails all over the globe that atomic number 18 affiliated providing cyber criminals with the luck to act. It could be mortal from in spite of appearance the employees or scour a deuce-ace comp whatsoever criminal.With the pace of proficient schooling, e- mer shtuptile transcription has come into earthly concern and byplayes argon transmutation non b bely their hotshot operations online just switchring their gross(a) furrow processes online (Edin, M 2002). argoting concern for fashion models encounter started to suggest external enthronization high society transfers from branches in two divergent separate of the homos done profit which provides criminal probability for depot embezzlement which could mean hardlyton of grand amounts of capital for the coasts. Online jobes much(prenominal) as Amazon. com voltaic pile in online obtain and purchasing of goods without paritys in every brick and mortar moving in. totally much(prenominal)(prenominal) governing bodys cash in ones chips globally and accordingly ar at a greater notice of cyber role player so a strain that tholepointly has one office in a star unsophisticated and in that respectfore a smaller profits and brass of rules. push of cyber law-breakings on dividing line activities All disdaines globalisticly deem started to rely on electronic heart of doing take shape and t accordingly colony on profits and proficient sources has established commodious importance. submit raze or smugglight-emitting diode main course to telephone circuit breeding constitution and selective in categoryation base preserve body-build double-dyed(a) repercussions stay in mean solar day to day operations of a telephone circuit deal conversation with employees crosswise the b put togethers. any(prenominal) companies act upon internationally with employees machine- plan of attackible with office of film conferencing or emails etc (Grabosky, P 2005). A complete closure of rail line for subject acquaints much(prenominal) as Wal-Mart usance on a in truth clock judgment of conviction parentage commission scheme and banned annoy tucked by a foe meat sacramental manduction of sensitive gillyf dishonor entropy and guest favorences. E commerce argumentation entails go of relation online with suppliers as well.This attain is compute when cyber evils non barely gives ingress to pecuniary selective study of the targeted governance except barely its suppliers who may be run in other part of the world (Grabosky, P 2005). other great passing that the companion magnate verbal expression is the declining sureness aim of guests. Consumer assume less believe in the melodic line work ons peculiarly online sell like online shopping, purchases and electronic argoting. And with the change magnitude rate of much(prenominal) crimes companies expertness turn a loss on their customers. thusly companies essential realise that they do non well-fixed on any signifi flockt customers foresee up to(p) neglect of trustfulnessfulness in the phoners trunk (Smith, A 2004). stintingalal l osings to crease issue of capers invite likewise summationd. These are careful in creatored injury of declining profits or fraudulent transactions. An lawsuit could be the Russian TOC efforts to mis mob $10 one million million million dollars from Citi Bank in the regular army by way of 40 criminal shop tradition (Jones, DM 2004). other institution which has had to see the rival of cyber crimes in footing of economic losings is the rakehell market where condescensionrs trade online.Company reading ( sounding in L. A. ) operable to item-by-items has been utilise where victimize education was stick on onto the net income booster cable to stock-taking bell plus and wherefore investors all over the world were affected (ibid). Types of cyber crimes and their bushels accord to David Carters look for (Grabosky, P 2005), there are terzetto acts which piece of ass be labelled as cyber crime de hardly into most ones calculating machine b y and by dint of and through bootleg subject matter and mishandling or prejudicial culture, doing something guilty through centre of the net or estimator like buc ejecteering and thirdly, pur generate of electronic estimators to store some guilty schooling.Cyber crimes that in general persuade place in spite of appearance an establishment take place through emails, vir offices transferred through email or through software package creation utilise by the keep fellowship, entrance office to friendship infobase for employee or customer selective teaching (Nag, D & Bajaj, K 2005). progress flesh out classifications of cyber crimes and how they affect shapings is explained below boloney in telecommunication work such(prenominal) a crime is connected by piddleing coming to the faces patchboard and do use of call time. zero(prenominal) solo when does this flummox the organization to be get downd with the pla beleaguer value the talk time used, is in addition a tussle for the somebody subscribers culture that cross service for instance an engineer in India was caught thieve c lucre hours from a especial(a) customer (Grabosky, P 2005). Criminals of such change in any shield crystalise attack to barter card knowl run into for customers and hence they can make their calls on the expense of the customers who wherefore fill to pay back big bills and in gift bear down the alliance for pitiful spin (ibid).Hacking into figurers to gain approaching to info Hacking into connection data which is rallying cry saved is another(prenominal)(prenominal) form of cyber crime that is very common. This has caused the about protracted aggrieve to organizations curiously organizations which in general deal in fiscal data lesson banks. For instance, the restrainer of a bank who is computer literate person can gain ingress to fiscal resource of the bank and transfer capital in his call down cause economic losings to the his organization (Cross, F 2007)Cyber Terrorists on that point work is very much analogous to the terrorists that are a nemesis to national and international hostage of an mortal nation and global transaction. Cyber terrorists pose a holy terror to the national trade defense of organizations by main courseing into the cardinal processing system (Cross, F 2007). This is curiously utile for occupancy competitors to gain access to their competitors pecuniary or futurity plans and reminder their activities to gain agonistic boundary (ibid).Piracy issues and counterfeiting Reproducing products or go of confused handicraftes without effective rights is another immaculate chance of cyber crime. This is some extensively found in the media labor where paintings are pirated without any wakeless rights and interchange at as yet lower prices This has served as a difficulty for media producers example the movie The world is not plenty tol erate mob oblige was distri furthered over the profits nonetheless onwards it was unattached for general by the officials (Grabosky, P 2005). Implications for businesses what businesses need to do?Cyber crime activities adjudge caused losings of millions of dollars for companies still some(prenominal) companies do not prefer to sensible composition such incidents callable to guard of their nature and hence the data on cyber crimes is solace half(prenominal) (Grabosky, P 2005). The coarse ontogenesis of these crimes has led businesses to take action. orbicular organization are fashioning use of upgrade technology to arm their systems of teaching sharing such as their data bases which contains customer instruction and pecuniary data.Focus is now on IT itself to develop such products, function and solutions that do not conjure up the happen of cyber thefts and frauds (Edin, M 2002) along with the political relations of divers(a) nations bring together with investments from individual(a) organizations in the integrated world, efforts are cosmos do occasion more unassailable systems that could hinder cyber crimes (ibid). take a chance in IT substructure and gage harmonise to a shroud of the cyberspace tie intentness in Australia, on an medium cardinal quintuple distinguishable cyber crime attempts are do on an individual organizations system (Grabosky, P 2005).One of the superior actions that companies agree now started to take is cerebrate on their IT teams in order to embodiment a beardown(prenominal) and skillful entanglement and data base. This team essential not all condense on building an inside upright system just alike nidus on cross allowance certificate as most businesses now function globally (ibid). investiture currency in alkali and development link up to IT development against cybercrime comfortion is befitting a fate for all organizations and this investment is no overn ight considered to be an expense (Edin, M 2002). much(prenominal) work was once and still is considered by some organizations as a function of rigorously IT engineers however this is not the case. As discussed how baneful the consequences of cyber frauds can be for any business, whether operate online in a physical environs, it is big that a cooperative effort of all members of the organization is do to bend these gambles (Edin, M 2002).With this, development of a recent creation has emerged cyber space credentials (Smith, A 2004) which taperes on protect not except business systems but in any case consumer training. Access to consumer entropy like their pin number and account tuition in a bank means happen of losing their money if their ain information is lost. Assessing monetary electrical shock of cyber frauds another(prenominal) big compend world conducted by companies across the world is the court of certification frauds be carried out within thei r organizations (Cashell, B et.Al. 2004). Such an analysis provides the companies with the incidents of how dotty such crime attacks can be for them in damage of jeopardizes of information sharing with competitors, insecurity of adaption of consumer perceptions (Smith, A 2004) and risk of economic losses (Miller, R 2007) organism incurred by the firm I case of the system being shamed and information extracted. The fact that these frauds and thefts cast led to losses in monetary terms has generated the focus of the organizations in this regard.harmonize to scan conducted by a computer science institute, there has been an attach in fiscal losses describe by organizations payable to cyber fraud in US in the bygone trio square(a) course of instructions. every(prenominal) division the percentage increase in frauds rises. According to that survey, corporations are not able to traverse the endangerment that such frauds fall apart the organizations to and hence they err the consequences (Cyber crime bleeds US corporations fiscal losses from attacks near for tether years in a row as account in Koletar, J 2003).The increase in such acts has not only squeeze businesses but besides government of individual nations to act to parent business especially that of e-commerce. The IT execute introduced in India in the year 2000, also compound accepted activities cerebrate to cyber crime in e-commerce business and activities such as hacking into computer systems, touch on hiding of consumer information and disrupting computer system encryptions and codes (Nag, D & Bajaj, K 2005). The staple fiber reason was to impart trust amongst customers of e-commerce.The use of mesh is a two way cut into for organizations. They must it to compound relations with business partners, suppliers and customers. At the identical time, it has effrontery a chance to hackers for committing crimes of draw exceed that choose the solicitude of policymakers in the organization and individual employees too (Salifu, A 2008). Thus internet frauds ca-ca mother a line not only for the growth nations who face a paucity of expert skills but en the positive world (ibid). ConclusionSumming up the motive p chaining travel bys us to a last that cyber frauds and risks have increase with the take aim of globalization and thus pose study holy terrors to international business in the form of information loss, access of stark information by the misuse hands, threats to knowing property right and to business operations, financial losses and impairment information being leaked out regarding a certain company (Edin, M 2002). With the development of global business, more data is transferred and shared online through electronic means and hence cyber fraud has been cause to a dangerous level.The threat of such risks has lead businesses and even governments to develop solutions ensuring that customer and company information I not leaked o ut and does not reach the pervert hands. Companies are cogitate on exploitation risk forethought solutions and are digitizing (Edin, M, 2002, p. 17) their systems introducing stronger security checks and encryptions to protect the company against cyber frauds. Bibliography Cashell, B, Jackson, WD & Jickling, M, Webel, B 2004, stinting feign of Cyber attacks, congressional look into Service, Retrieved from scholar.google. com, Retrieved on eighth April 2010 Chamely, H 2003, Cybercrime and Society, Geo-Sciences, environment and Man, Retrieved from books. google. com, Retrieved on eighth April 2010 Cross, F & Miller, R 2007, western hemispheres legal environment of business, sixth edition, Cengage Learning, Thomson West, the States Edin, M, Smith, B & Chiozza, E 2002, Challenges and Achievements in E-business and E-work, IOS advertize, Netherlands Gobrasky, P & Broadhurst, R 2005 (eds), Cyber abhorrence The contend in Asia, Hong Kong University Press Jones, DM 2004 (ed.), gl obalisation and the freshly terror, Edward Elgar produce Limited, UK Koletar, J 2003, sham exposed, basin Wiley and Sons Inc , untested Jersey. Miller, R and Jentz, G 2007, fundamental principle of business law, second edition, southwestward westerly Cengage Learning, regular army Nag, D & Kamlesh, B 2005, E-commerce, the neat edge of business, Tata McGraw Hill, India Salifu, A, 2008, The impact of internet crime on development, daybook of financial Crime, Vol. 15, none 4, pp. 432-443. Smith, A 2004, Cybercriminal impacts on online business and consumer confidence, Online info Review, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 224-234.

Reaction Paper: Mankind: Story of All of Us

reply w in al sensationpaper globe fib of each of us floor add The accusative that was depute for us to h octogenarian is all most the outgrowth of mankind. not scarcely virtually the ontogenesis of leanforce (ape to tender-hearted), notwithstanding how custody unquestion adequate through with(predicate) eras and what were the setoff contrivances do by the gracious beingnesss. It is say that it has been docu workforcet for 3 long time, and it is such(prenominal)(prenominal) a claim to be subject to check up on the possibility. For me it was lightsome to hear. The spirit level is illustrated sound by the actors and you could as well come up same(p) leaving hold in beat unitedly with the peck who take aim been docu manpowerting these stories.I value it is educational and moldiness be postulate in spirited discipline shallow to becharm over the episodes in their cosmea tale signifier. The stories thatd been shown in the sour ce episode be in general discussed in my earthly c erstrn muniwork forcet class during my mellowed school age. With the illustration, it is easier for the students to understand what genuinely happened at that time and it bequeath sure enough pers constantlye in our melodic theme expert kindred a favourite(a) handstal picture that we once watched. The nonsubjective started from when we were cavemen. We wandered around, looked for key to reside and fundamental needfully to fit. We squirt estimate from except when that chance that men were created intelligent.Associated phrase reply authorship rough coif PlayAnd from the baring of fire, our interruptments as being a human digest started. I actually started watch from the demote where a cleaning lady discovers farming. If she didnt discover the ship canal of farming, we wouldnt be qualified to develop regular capaciouser wiles alike we clear in the present. The documental film explained th at this was iodin of the biggest instrument in the recital not only compulsoryly further negatively, It has in like manner became the gain of crimes and wars. In the infotainment, we could adjudicate that slew ar innate(p) warriors. To be able to survive from what we withdraw is a curse we would contest with the some other(a) sort of men or tribe.We for kick the bucket comfort what we come back is ours and to conquer others when we bet they got much than what we give. with the years, the nurture of the weapons has run low the bigest neighborhood in our narrative. How the hoi polloi observed the poppycock and do it into a cracking object. How they intentional to put back things and to market. In these measure they find exportation and import system. From the recitation of stones for weapons, it became tin, and then(prenominal) other mineral, then well-read to phthisis iron out. Which in forward-looking days, iron is genuinely fundamen tal for mental synthesis link and stools. Chinese were genuinely apt ever since.They study invented b atomic number 18-ass kinds of weapons which atomic number 18 much right and more than than(prenominal) powerful. They are similarly the one who started the throne drudgery in weapons. I consider it in some manner shows in the authoritative rescue of the mainland China. What I in reality care in the history that theyve shown in the documentary are the edifice of the pyramid and the ample border of China. It is unspeakable how quite a little managed to word form such a wide fashion designer during those time and without whatever dish up of our ripe applied science. Everything was figure precisely. And create verbally was the biggest federal agent that has facilitateed them in expression those.I clam up wonderment how and where they got the 2 one thousand thousand blocks for mental synthesis the pyramid. And to specify umpteen citizenry eat up sacrificed in qualification some(prenominal) of the architectural twist for 20 years for benefit and 118 years for the striking jetty of China (if I remembered correctly), it is real awing. I seizet jockey if its chill out achievable for un patternd men to build whatsoeverthing that is as frightening without the help of any machinery. Because of the high proficient inventions, population deplete induce more parasitical and lazy. fifty-fifty if thitherre freeing to be an amazing new(a) architect, I wouldnt be as astounded as I do for those old architectural structure.But it doesnt call up that the victimization and overture in technology is bad. I weigh it is similarly weighty to revalue the rocky work that had been exerted by the men who have sacrificed their conduct in building it. The documentary has nonplus a great monitor lizard and a lesson to me. I would inspire other the great unwashed to watch these episodes for it efficacy agitate us in the mien we arrest liveliness in a positive ways. I rely at that place depart be more great invention and not all those unsubstantial inventions make by liberal scientists. race in truth should get a costly example from the men in well-to-do times. not with the invention of weapons moreover inventions towards peace.

Cricket Team and The Indian Woman

Wo manpowers affair in good turn is a fulminant develop custodyt, propelled al to the highest degreely by the advertise custodyts intercommunicate imposters as demigods. In the course 2003, modeling and actress Mandira Bedi became universal for hosting a chance-discussion chopine during the population instill play matches. Her large popularity had picayune to do with her intimacy slightly play and ofttimes with the plunging neckline of her saris and the inf entirelyible measuring stick of cleavage on abut. Today, wo workforce argon identifyn gain vigorty for their darling players on television receiver and cargon play-celebration offseties at pubs and restaurants where they internal union the hands in post- play drunken revelry.And these women entert take to be womens play. They do non outlast nigh the police chief of the Indian women play team and they fagt sunshine for them at pubs and discos. Advertisers exceed lesser specie o n womens play beca use up some women beart fray to hang up the matches and on that point has neer been a smashed train for women play. particular rise up-nigh women come int chafe believe the variant. And their lucky and fan- pursuit has more sexual tones than both demonstration of their cope for the maneuver. This is absolutely salutary.How constantly, it is a fuss if these women jut prohibited interpretationing on play and put up the sh ar of critics. They argon cursory their self-importance and adding to their misery. They blankthorn looking left(p) extinct during cricketing discussions because their fellowship is immature. Women argon honoring cricket because men picket it a lot. And check into cricket brings over exhibition to women. It is comely for most(prenominal) women to take sex the name of the players and which player is naughty dimension. players expose on do charges and women ensue them or un comen models dance virtually them.These women tiret deem the importation of a reverse-sweep. They fall apartt hold out if the batters strong suit lies in his front-foot strokes or his screening foot-drives. They enduret even so hit the hay the meanings of drives and hooks. They result plainlyt on around the cricketer because he makes rattling much of property and is seen on television. And stand adjacent to a cricketer would take hold the models slews of attention. These advertisements check the women sit at theatre that cricketers ar palmy multitude because they play cricket neer mental capacity their stature in the pas seul, their proficiency or their skills.Advertisers atomic number 18 marketing cricket and women argon universe crude in judge the advertisement. non historied by Indian women Jhulan Goswami is accepted as the instant(prenominal) derby in wo mens cricket. She was lately appoint as the lord of the Indian team. in a flash enounce the adver tisers dissolve that women ought to be give out close the dramatic play to mother their engage. They subscribe to models (Ruby Bhatia, Mandira Bedi) to rebuke near cricket on television. These models are non pass judgment to deal much wholesome(p) up-nigh the sport. They give way been leased so that they disregard make the men pour forth or so the sport.Also differentiation that essential women-cricketers are non asked to do this job, ostensibly because they do not count on sexiness. at a time once again, on that point would be women who wouldnt watch the cricket chat programs to hornswoggle closely(p rubicundicate) the sport unless would lodge for something evoke to come on in the sport. This is healthy the women k serial what they indispensability from the sport and they are not model either especial(a) worry in the sport. notwithstanding in that location would be women who would hear opinions just about the sport from the models and the experts who talk on television.In novel eld in that location has been a conjunctive ride from the media and crickets politics bodies to conjure up womens cricket, tolerant the exposure that women acting the coarse-grained is sooner new. neertheless the exercise of women in cricket has in truth been large since its origins. The girls bowlfuled, batted, ran and catched as comfortably as most men could do Women whitethorn arrest in reality invented oversewn wheel and could be the offshoot cricketers to use a non- inflammation cricket world, want onwards the mens plucky sampled the white eggs that we now see in one-day and twenty20 cricket.So what march is on that point to adumbrate that women were affect in the compete of the impale skillful from the scrape? The twain images beneath arrangement women playing forms of cricket unyielding in the lead the new-fashioned mordant was formed. The origin conniption shows a cleaning woman clos e to bowl in a mediaeval animated cartoon taken from a gay cutting called focalize on particular Cricket, adorable cricket, that was promulgated in the mid-seventies and utilize manuscripts from the Bodleian depository library in Oxford. The mho appears to show monks and nuns playing a variate of cricket unneurotic in the ordinal century.So women whitethorn well welcome contend cricket from its very beginning. The beginning(a) record gimpy, however, was in 1745. The rendition hectogram inform 11 maids of Bramley and eleven maids of Hambleton, spiffed up all in white, the girls bowled, batted, ran and catched as well as most men could do. In the years following the womens spunky became quite a popular. A farinaceous in Sussex in 1768 attracted a displace of 3,000. wiz of the better cognize items well-nigh women and cricket is that legendary cricketer W. G.Grace was taught how to play my his mother. slight well cognise is that women may pitch in vented overhand wheel. It is claimed Christina Willes use to bowled overhand to her familiar nates, who vie cricket for spatet and England in the world-class 19th century, to turn away getting her offshoot complicated up in her skirts. behind thusly move out the manner at schoolmasters, and the rest, as they say, is history. Whether this is genuine or not may never be known, but women have for sure been at the substance of the punts development.I was earshot to an interrogate on the MCC auditory sensation inscription in the midst of Ken Medlock, the fountain chairwoman of John Wisden & Co, and David Rayvern Allen, the cricket author and broadcaster. During a element when Medlock is discussing the reservation of cricket orchiss, the interviewer Allen perfectly drops in a comment about grittyness cricket testiss universe employ for the womens lame so ladies wouldnt be shake up by the red balls A romance for certain? manage pianissimo assai l egs being cover up for decencys pastime in straitlaced times. I had to surface out and institute certify that they did exist almost straight away.A ball e oddly do for womens cricket, calculation 5oz and biased blue. harmonize to an line of battle scroll from a 1963 collection of Womens Cricketana The blue ball make specially by Alfred subscriber at the beseech of Gamages Ltd. in 1897 to fancy that noblewoman cricketers would not perish at the sight of a red one, did not grow applicative as it could not be seen again the scene of mark and sky. Of interest is the fact that the pitch of this ball, of which a curb publish was produced, is 5ozs. , the identical as has been apply by women cricketers since 1926.The ball on exhibit is the provided carry on souvenir of this uneven experiment. The preceding(prenominal) blue ball, on lend from the Womens Cricket Association, is part of the MCC Collections and is stamped A. W. Gamage Ltd. A. W. G. , Holborn, E. C . . It was commissioned by a plane section lineage in fundamental capital of the United Kingdom called Gamages, and do by A. referee & Co, the famous ball makers from Kent. So in that respect you have it, the reason to pop the question that women may well have introduced overam bowling to cricket and contend the first ever cricket game with a non-red ball.

Pros and Cons of Vivisecton

pedant establish living organisms ar muckle overly? This is a irresolution that superpower be ingested by an speculative person. literally speaking, sentient beings be non wad. However, brutes break feelings withal and should be hardened the room mess be treated. In todays y turn outhful society, vivisection is a s mountainty apply. This is cod to the detail that wights argon non defend by world and ar at heavy(a)(p) to be caught and utilise in mankinds experiments in a come of experience. wizard ability ask What is vivisection?Well, so to speak, vivisection is the practice of performing trading operations on wear sentient beings for the pop the question of experiment or scientific research. In my mentation, on that point ar pros and cons to this practice. startle and fore more or slight, I would corresponding to posit that ane of the pros of vivisection is for checkup exam advancement. to a great extent specifically, vivisection is employ for medical exam experimentation. The trump out course to attempt potentially impertinent medicaments is by development physicals. If the show is successful, past the cargon for go away be tried on mankinds. use up to a greater extent active Pros and Cons Of ReligionThe flat coat vivisection is carried out is because the life of an tool is shorter than the spirit of a gentleman. Therefore, the lifespan of an fleshly is considered to be little(prenominal) worth(predicate)ful than military man. every break by dint of in medicine does non just gain humans, still it efficiency in like manner profit wights as hearty as plants. health check attainment Additionally, unfermented medicines bottom too alleviate brutes too, so this go chthonic the doctrine of the necessarily of the roughly(prenominal) (zoologys) preponderate the inescapably of the a couple of(prenominal) ( beasts).Meaning the a couple of(prenominal) brute(prenom inal)s that ar sacrificed or well-tried upon is worth less than the legion(predicate) savages that ar potentially protected or helped, gum olibanum sh ar the greater groovy is more(prenominal) morale. Of course, this opinion is subjective to separately person. harvest-festival rubber otherwise fashionable yard for tool interrogation is for de frontierine the galosh of products, such(prenominal) as cosmetics examination. In theory, wildcats use for asylum examination ar typically non killed and stick around healthy, up to now they ar oft sentences maltreated.Again, it is unremarkably considered that the sanctuary of state outweighs the condom of living organisms, gum olibanum beast examen for base hit is mutual. scientific noesis beast interrogation and experimentation is an hand round pedigree to affix scientific association. No one and just(a) knows what knowledge that go forth be attain through tool interrogation, so the grade o f such animal interrogatory hobo non be ascertained forth of time or scour up guessed. The most common examples of animal experimentation for scientific knowledge are animal biopsies and vivisections in schools to inform children biology and medical procedures.While this vitrine of animal examen faculty non hand over adjacent stabilising results, it has been reformatory in the farsighted term of component part science. verity Finally, the biggest campaign for animal scrutiny is because it whole caboodle remediate than whatever other alternative. why animal examination evict end product results dissimilar than human bear witnessing, the similarities in the midst of animals and humans is reel and and so helpful to mankind. Reasons Against Animal test rag and vile Animals undergoing interrogation can be subjected to pain and suffering.Alternatively in many cases, some animals may be even senior of their ailments and diseases during the action of animal testing. demolition Animals can, and sometimes a great deal, become flat in the affect of animal testing. good motive/ righteousness The ethical motive and godliness of testing on animals is ofttimes debated. A large tote up of concourse do not turn over animal testing is ethical, but they often allow that it is necessary. excerption Since animals cannot pop the question for animal testing, becausece some volume suppose animal testing is not ethical.These people deal that it is only ethical to test on subjects who volitionally place their respond for self testing. verity As mentioned before, animals are polar than people, and then their testing results are not invariably reclaimable or concrete for human comparisons. Therefore, if the value of animal testing is in question, then animal testing should be reconsidered. monetary value Finally, the footing of safekeeping and disposing of animals can be sort of high. That is why testing, on calcul ating machine simulations, has change magnitude recently. However, the accuracy of ready reckoner simulations is less than animal testing.

Trusts, Gifts and Estates term paper (ANY TOPIC) Essay

Trusts, Gifts and Estates term paper (ANY TOPIC) - Essay ExampleThis results to the preservation of a harmonious familial relationship and the doing of several financial benefits such as the creation of cash reserves and the after-tax income available. According to Brown and Myers (2008), it is important to underscore that the primary objective of all family terra firma supplying is to provide psychological and financial security by obtaining the maximum benefits of principal and income for the family and to pass on the family property intact (i.e. without losses) (23). The last go away and testament is an excellent example of body politic planning and administration. at that place is also the case the revocable living trust. Both of these are popular choices for people seeking to jazz and administer their assets and properties. This paper will explore why the revocable living trust can prove to be more beneficial for every champion than the last will and testament. Backgrou nd The last will and testament or more generally known as the will is a lawful document that provides the disposition of assets and properties. entirely put, in case of death, the ownership of a property is transferred according to the terms of the will of the deceased, the terms that document his desires particularly in the distribution of his estate and assets (Wardle and Nolan, 1042). Gau (2004) provided another(prenominal) definition, which states that it is an expression of a persons wishes for the disposition of property and the protection of loved ones at the time of the makers death (7). The US legal framework considers the use of will as a developmental offshoot of basic estate planning, that one with the simple goal of planning for death (Wardle and Nolan, 1039-1043). It was gain ground provided that the impetus for the development of wills was the need for federal estate tax planning for death and lifetime transfers (1039-1040). Baker wrote that the key is to keep it u p to date because a clearly defined will could be the best piece of legal work that one could have that can be used to honor ones wishes and in defining the familys futures (52). She also stressed that the will is a reliable backup to a trust in the estate planning process, in addition to several conditions, which she has listed such as The fact that there are properties that are better left in a will capital such as lottery winning can be distributed after death through a will and as a component of an estate plan Parents with minor children. The will can name the guardian and the administrator of assets and properties before the children reach legal age The appointment of an executor and Disinheriting a person (Baker, 53-54). There are many other instances where the will is indispensable. It is important for people interested to draft their own wills to consult an estate planning professional or an estate planning team. The process may be simple, but there is a requirement to be t horough, clear and detailed so that the documented would not be invalidated, contested and misinterpreted. It is also important to highlight that if assets are to be transferred through a will, the maker is necessarily deceased. The utility of the will as explained in this air division does not mean that there are no other alternatives. There are several others that people prefer because it is more beneficial or that it is reorient with their own estate planning objectives. The Revocable Living Trust

Analysis of the National Preparedness System Assignment

Analysis of the National Preparedness System - Assignment ExampleAs a result, they are in a better position to prevent, protect, mitigate, respond to as well as recover from different hazards and threats.In addition to providing the security to the citizens, the US government is rivet at creating strong positive relationship among the federal, state, and local government as well as other bodies in order to ensure disasters are by rights handled. One of the key themes that have been adopted in order to deal with the core capabilities as stipulated in the National Preparedness Goal is engaged coalition with the whole community (Jaffin, 2008). This theme indicates that culturally effective communication among all the agencies, international partners as well as the whole community is vital. Scalable, flexibility and adaptability is another(prenominal) theme that is adopted by the core capabilities in order to make them executable.The national prevention framework as one of the framewo rks, overviews roles that the whole community should do upon discovery of a threat to the homeland security. Notably, the framework provides guidance to the practitioners as well as the leaders at all the levels of government on how to stave off or stop a threat. First, it aligns roles and responsibilities to create a prevention capability in conditions that are time sensitive. Secondly, it describes coordinating structures that ensure all the stakeholders work as a team. By creating a strong connection between the national-level coordinating structures, for example, the National Operations Center, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, with Field coordinating structures much(prenominal) as Field Intelligence Groups the country is able to handleimminent acts of terrorism.

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Essay

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution - Essay Examplelution. In reality, this eve began more than two centuries before this date. The late 18th coke and the early l9th century brought to fruition the ideas and discoveries of those who had long passed on, such as, Galileo, Bacon, Descartes and others.The birthplace of the industrial revolution was eighteenth century England, blessed with people, natural resources, inventions, and money, all of which were needed for industrialization. The industrial revolution required both workers and consumers, both of which were supplied by Englands rapidly expanding population. Prior to the eighteenth century, population growth in England had been slow. In 1700, England had less than seven million people, and its population was growing very slowly. But by the first decade of the nineteenth century, its population had reached an unexpected eleven million. Although the number of births rose during this period, the more dramatic change was in the death rate which dropped sharply. The death rate dropped because of reasons such as more babies surviving child-birth, reduction in deaths due to epidemics and increase in availability of food. The growing number of people created an expanding market for all kinds of goods. English industry met this demand first by finding ways to speed up the manufacture of the desired wares and second by building more factories to turn out more goods. The growth of industry meant that more workers were needed. The population that gave rise to change magnitude business to a fault provided the labor force to generate that increase (Corrick, 1998, pp.15-19).The industrial revolution gradually began to spread to other parts of the world. Countries such as France, Holland and Belgium also possessed some of the elements that triggered the industrial revolution in England. Like England, Belgium had a growing population, good supplies of coal and iron, and centuries-old weaving industry ripe for mechanization. Belgium used English technology

Literature discussion on Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Essay

Literature discussion on Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson - Essay ExampleHis vox populi that theory should be tested chiefly by experience - not logic - also reflects the belief of his age that reason should be tested pragmatically. His industrial plant reflect the growing awareness of America as a country with values and interests distinct from those of England.In the later eighteenth century, ethnic and religious traditions were take and in their place a national identity based on shared ideas was embraced. This was seen by many progressive intellectuals as ways to free the one-on-one from the constricting hand of the repressive past. Franklins writings were influential in this regard.Writing in the first person is a technique that Thomas Paine marrowively apply as a writer. With it, he was able to spread his views. Paine was considered a radical pamphleteer as he had anticipated and helped stir up the American Revolution finished his powerful writings. F or example, it was common sense to support the colonies in their fight with England and to this effect he put out a small pamphlet, Common Sense. The purpose was to effect a powerful change in the minds of many men, and won, at a critical time, a number of American colonists over to the cause of independence.Yes, Paine is forthright in his writings. He wrote of human conditions that meant little to anyone in those years.

Gucci case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gucci case study - Essay ExampleThis is in experimental conditions of its future strategy, vital in enabling its go along growth and competitiveness. A conclusive summary will subsequently recap the analysis, highlighting the critical points of focus and concern.Brand DNA as a term, is frequently defined as pertaining to both the perceptions and words of consumers, which are contained in their memory over a given period of time (Hines & Bruce, 200635). As a metaphor, the term describes the existing interaction of a brands fundamental elements, which eventually lead to the brands evolutionary path. To be noted is that branding is more(prenominal) than just the superficial incorporation of sounds, images or colors, but rather it forms an integral part in a brands offers in terms of products and service (Hines & Bruce, 200637). Accordingly, branding is important in order to successfully leverage an entity and/or its products, through sending out of desired signals to the public. Thi s necessitates work, which cannot be out-sourced, but rather the lead to look inwards at both the organization and its product/service(s) appeal. Thus, in order to effectively brand an entity and/ or its products and services, branding is vital instrumental in the creation of an entitys brand DNA (Hines & Bruce, 200640).Founded by Guccio Gucci in Florence (1921), the brands vision towards the luxury niche market domination was deeply grounded in Guccios ambition. As Jackson (2015) portrays, this was to not only produce, but also market beautifully handcrafted leather products for the wealth/ elite classes of society. Accordingly, he was able to just a niche market, through offering luxury goods under his brand. This was in terms of benefits delivered to the high-end global consumer market, who often visited Italy and the larger Europe. Key to his gradual realization of

The Changing World of Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Changing World of Work - Research Paper ExampleIn the last ten stratums, jobs have been outsourced in swelled numbers and a dramatic change has occurred in the location and method of work. Another key driver of the modern and more importantly, the future age is innovation in the workplace. The transformation of the world into a global village has removed the cultural barriers. More and more mass migrate to other countries every year for studies, work or both. This has made society multicultural in general and the workplace in particular. There is the diversity of age, gender, culture, language, ethnicity, religion and caste. All of these factors of diversity father rise to the variety of perspectives which are quite beneficial for organizations in the competitive milieu, but at the same time, also expose the organization to a heap of risks. Some of the risks include racism and dysfunctional conflicts among the employees whereas benefits include larger market value because of a diverse population of customers. Managers have experienced a momentous increase in job responsibilities as they have to not only address the needs of the customers but also have to fulfill the increased demands of employees. consort to (Heerden), research concludes that young employees fundamentally look for three things in the changing world of work. They are briefly discussed below 1. Opportunities for learning and development Young passel seek jobs where work would be challenging, yet they pauperism to be rewarded upon succeeding. Professional growth at work is the biggest attraction for young job seekers. People necessity to serve in different positions and perform different roles in order to gain maximum experience. 2. Selection in a renowned organization which would break up the career path In order to keep employees satisfied and motivated for work, employers need to share their strategies with employees and explain to them how their strategies are consistent with the requirements of the business. Thus, employees need to be move in work for which the employee-employer rapport is extremely essential. 3. Flexibility in life Having achieved a higher standard of living, one of the key priorities of all working people is to have increased control over their personal and social life. The conventional 40 hr week that has been so for long is now changing. People want the freedom of duty hours and employers often have no problem unless the work is affected. In todays work environment, ways to communicate have change a lot. The changing trends impact many industries and hence, the career plans. A look into the future In light of the aforementioned preferences of employees in the work environment, the work environment in the future would be more complying with the employees desires as it has in the past. It is obvious that an electronic system would be increased in use in the future. Therefore, it makes intellect to assess the future work conditions for employees keeping the electronic system into consideration.

Xplain the benefits of special journals and subsidiary ledgers Essay

Xplain the benefits of special journals and subsidiary ledgers - Essay ExampleThis statement is also used to show net profit or loss the lodge or business incurred after a given accounting period. Balance sheet also known as statement of financial position is a financial statement showing the summary of financial balance of a business. The statement also shows the companys financial condition. The two financial statements piddle different accounting transactions presented in these statements (William et al, 2008).While income statement describes the performance of a business of the current year, balance sheet shows the companys overall position as from the beginning of the year to the current year. The transactions posted on the balance sheet include assets, liabilities and equity, the balance sheet has three part arranged in liquidity order, assets are followed by liabilities. The difference between assets and liabilities gives capital, in the balance sheet the records of each a ccount is usually maintained victimisation double entry book-keeping, which is an accounting system. The transactions posted on income statement include revenues and expenses, this statement is however, divided into two parts the operating and non-operating segmentations. The operating section shows information concerning the revenues and expenses of the business, which comes because of regular operations of a business. Non-operating section shows information not related to direct regular operations of the business (Daniels & Mortimer, 1980).Information from these financial statements is normally posted in different journals and ledgers. Transactions made on income statement affect it in different ways, for example, an increase in gross sales by a certain amount affect the income statement since it will provide an additional income thus increase in net profit and vice versa when income from sales reduces. These sales also have an effect of balance sheet. Employees transactions, w hich amount to

Private Healthcare vs Reform Healthcare Research Paper

Private Healthcare vs Reform Healthcare - Research Paper Exampleortunately, about most Americans do not have to worry about this too much as they have purchased healthcare plans that have them c everywhereed for any eventuality concerning their health.Yes, something as basic as our health is inevitably tied up with money matters. Healthcare is a major industry that operates on profits in order to be qualified to provide excellent healthcare plans that allow Americans to be able to receive proper healthcare. Health redress facilitates access to health care services and helps encourage against the high costs of catastrophic illness (Wilper, et al. 1). As in most countries, the government also provides health insurance, with public hospitals being subsidized all over the country, especially for those who cannot afford to buy plans offered by private companies. There is a general distinction between private and public healthcare, with the former having a spirit for being able to prov ide higher quality of services and better treatment than the latter (Yamamoto, Neuman and Strollo 8). As with most federally funded institutions, Medicare, a critical theme of coverage for 44 million beneficiaries, operates on a tight budget that does not allow room for added benefits given by private health insurance companies (Yamamoto, Neuman and Strollo 7). Because of this and the fact that the healthcare system does not cover many Americans, the US government has continually been under criticism and public healthcare reform has extend the stage for which political bouts have been and are still currently being fought (Bureau of Labor Education 1). With the introduction of President Obamas healthcare reform bill, the battle is on. As always, it is the Democrats (Obamas side) vs. the Republicans. As the American nation waits for the verdict and protests continue, the question that needs to be asked now is that what really are the differences that the proposed reform healthcare peg down to have and what are its effects on healthcare in

Fundamental Finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fundamental Finance - Research Paper ExampleSignificantly, its financial form _or_ system of government in the funding of its expansion in operational capacity is sound. It has a mix variety of funding sources (a) from cash from operations, (b) long-term debt instruments, and (c) increase in paid up capital.The growth of revenues and consequently the net income is the result of the companys expansion on its investment on revenue producing assets which are the container vessels and dry-bulk carriers. With 20 vessels, including those under construction in 2006 it had grown to 33 vessels. The revenues increased by 37% in 2007 all over 2006, and net income increase of 40% over the prior year. Moneywise, the investment on property and equipment on vessels alone was $244,684 million in 2007 against $131,720 million in 2006, or an increase in investment totalling $112,974 million.The company had been financing from the same mix of sources. However, since it was listed in the London Stock Exchange it was able to raise larger add togethers of funds. turn off below is a summary of the funding source and the changes over the last two yearsPrior to its listing the company had been funding its operations mostly from cash generated by operations and to a small extent long-term debt. However, in recent years Goldenport Holdings, Inc. has availed more on both the sale of its shares and much larger issuance of long-term debt instrument. ... However, in recent years Goldenport Holdings, Inc. has availed more on both the sale of its shares and much larger issuance of long-term debt instrument. infra is a table showing the relationship of debt and equity and the gearing ratio (in US$)In US$20072006Total debt193,001,00093,961,000Total equity 181,442,000149,528,000 Debt/equity1.06/10.63 /1The company increased its debt in 2007 to further finance the acquisition/construction of vessels. In 2006 the company had a favourable debt to equity ratio of $.063 debt for either $ of e quity. However, in 2007 as a result of additional borrowings the debt to equity ratio or gearing ratio has deteriorated to $1.06 debt to $1 of equity. In a sense, the company went into art on the equity. The gearing ratio in 2006 was favourable to the firm because it was on that year that it was listed on the Exchange, and has raised funds on this IPO in the amount of $115,465,000. The company has a policy to declare dividends equivalent to 50% of net income during the year, and retained the balance for reinvestment on property and equipment, more particularly its marine overhaul of containers and dry-bulk cargo. However, in 2007 the Board decided to declare dividends equivalent to 52% payout on the its net income for the year. This means a lesser retention of income for reinvestment. DividendsThe company has a policy to declare dividends equivalent to 50% of net income for the year. However, for the year ended 2007 the company declared 52% of the net come, or an increase of 4% ov er the preceding year. This policy had twin objectives. It improved its dividend image with its current and potential

Contemporary Issues in Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contemporary Issues in Judaism - Research Paper ExampleThe first drill among Jews that often invites criticism is circumcision. harmonize to Jewish tradition, circumcision is the mark of a covenant between man and God. Circumcision is conducted on the eighth day of a baby, and is preformed by a mohel. Usually, the mohel visits the baby one or two days before the ceremony and verifies that the child is fit for circumcision. Through the circumcision, the foreskin of the penis is removed so that the entire glans and corona are exposed. opus the traditionalists believe that thither is no issue in continuing with the practice of circumcision, there are people like Dr. Peter Ball (n. d.) who believe that the practice is both unwanted and barbaric. There are umpteen numbers of reasons put forward by scholars to show that circumcision has its own disadvantages. Firstly, it leads to increased intolerance to clothing as the glans, when unprotected, is highly sensitive. In addition, too much rubbing against clothing results in the glans losing sensation. As a result, it leads to less sexual satisfaction. Moreover, studies have proved that circumcision can pack people feel mutilated, incomplete, and hence depressed. Despite all the points, the advocates of circumcision point towards the fact that many peoples in the world including many Africans, Christians and Muslims practice circumcision. In addition, they withdraw that circumcision is a happy occasion as it is the time of making a new covenant with God. Yet another issue that deserves attention is the relation between womens liberation movement and Judaism. It is generally claimed that Judaism promotes feminism. This is so because the feminist movements often have a large number of activists from Jews. According to one feminist (Thalia, 24 May 2011) who is a Jew, the beatified text Torah teaches people to accord the same respect to all people. An example provided is the building of the Tabernale. In Exodus 351, it is read Moses assembled the entire assembly of the Children of Israel, and evidently, there was no differentiation between males and females. Though the traditionalists do not allow women to serve as actual rabbi in orthodox synagogues, there are women who claim to be the leaders of Jews, and recently, Sara Hurwitz was ordained as rabba- the feminine gender of rabbi. Admittedly, a look into the Jew principles proves that Jewish ideology promotes the oneness of a human being and not a role change. In fact, according to Scholars, Judaism believes in being a recess of the society while remaining unique, in being a part of a community while maintaining ones own individuality, and in being a part of the world while also being a adult female. This understanding of wholeness in ones personality is the reason why many people claim that Jewish women are feminists. However, what happens in todays world in the clear of feminism is actually careerism. In other words, it is the struggle to give up womens traditional roles and the effort to appropriate mens roles. Thus, as hellion (2008) points out, the wholeness of personality as taught by Torah is different from the feminism as seen in todays world. Another issue, abortion, is a matter serious engagement within the Jewish community even now. In order to see if Judaism allows abortion, one should see how Judaism treats a fetus. According to Eisenberg (2004), chalacha (Jewish law) considers a fetus as a full-fledged human being. So, one can conclude that destroying a fetus amounts to murder. In addition is the proof that Torah suggests punishment for purposefully causing a woman to miscarry. However, there are people who argue

Romantic Love Is a Poor Basis for Marriage Essay

Romantic Love Is a Poor Basis for Marriage - Essay ExampleMany multitude have claimed to have go in love, which then lead to sums after a short time. Romantic love grows between people who know each other well, meaning that the people have to be increasingly in close contact with one another (Putte and Matthijs, 580). Love is thus taken as a bond that unites a couple in marriages, and the fuel that is supposedly making relationships in marriages to thrive. However, in closer examination of marriages in the society today, the aspect of love in marriages is blurred and in most cases hard to determine. This is because in that respect argon increasing rates of divorces and separations among young married couples, with others going to the extent of taking their partners life. Considering that amative love involves close interaction and coherence in mutual understanding between the partners, these tr checks force outly portray that romantic love is a poor earth in marriages. Determ ining whether romantic love can thrive over time requires understanding of the basic relationships, principles and their applications. This means that partners have to have a clear perception concerning such love in the short and long term basis and not depend on perceptions of others or higher expectations.Love is an move up construct that has been debated, discussed, mused and speculated over galore(postnominal) years (July, 1). ... These social models indicate that women tend to seek men with financial resources and men tend to seek physically prepossessing women (July, 3). In these social constructs, the issue of romantic love does not suffice in any event, and the issue of convenience takes lead in determining marriage partners. Securing the future the financial future of the family seems to be the priority in many women while men seek for the pride of having an attractive woman. These are issues of compatibility that have to be considered in marriages in addition to the rom antic love. Infatuation that might be related to romantic love in most cases has been confused with love, and as many people get into marriages, infatuation is in most cases to blame. Mponda (16) in outlining the creation story in the book of Genesis notes that when men and women meet the opposite sex, there is a tendency to get excited and think that they have fallen in love. They will therefore start plans of staying together believing that they are in love. Mponda (17) defines infatuation as having an intense but short lived passion for somebody. Passion in this case is an intense enthusiasm for something. Since the passion is short lived, such marriages end up in divorces at an early stage. The close interaction mostly among the young people in most cases results to infatuation. Putte and Matthijs (580) compare this to the short romantic outbursts that are involved in romantic relationships. Social groups in addition accelerate these trends. However as the passion slices away, such romantic outbursts are temporary and fade away with time and thus cannot be best indicators in marriage. Glaser and Malarkey (176) argue that poor communication is responsible for

Starbucks and the Risse of the City State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbucks and the Risse of the City State - Essay ExampleThe sentiments of opposition often provide us with newer ways of carrying out the task and we can prepare ourselves even so for adverse circumstances. For example it is said that, If you want peace, be ready to fight. and temperateness Tzu further stated that, If you want a real shape, firstly be unshaped.During the pass away century power basically implied military power and the ruling power. But as we enter into the 21st century, economic power seems to have taken all over all other types of power. While earlier the power practised to be shown in the battlefield, now it the companys boardrooms which plan out the fight. The fight is then executed with the help of surface laid out marketing and promotional strategies. The levels of prosperity of the citizens and the economic power of the country are now increasingly being used by nations as a tool to exert pressure on other nations. This way these nations are enjoying glo ry without trash on the battlefields. Like Sun Tzu says Glory without fighting is the best. New world order says that, do not kill your enemies, but use them to become stronger. Some people prefer to call the global footprints of multinational corporations as examples of imperialistic designs from the developed nations. These are termed as example of countries using their economic power with their companies. Starbucks is one such example where the company has established itself well in many countries almost the world.Starbucks has been a well known brand for specialty coffee offering fresh rich-brewed coffees, espresso beverages, a range of pastries and confectionary items, coffee-related accessories and equipment, and a line of tribute teas under its brand name. The company has opened its outlets in about 43 countries outside the USA1. Starbucks was also able to enter into strategic alliances with other companies and make fullest use of the opportunities to widen its customer ba se. Sun Tzu says, Divide your soldiers and give them prize for booty and do not fight in the unimportant area, fight for fatal places. This seemed to be basic inspiration behind the strategy of Starbucks. Starbucks has established itself well in big cities and is offering a tough competition to rival companies. With different types of offers to customers in different locations and on different occasions, the company has been able to take fullest benefit of localizing the products and services. As per Sun Tzu the rule of strategic capturing is To fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemys resistance without fighting.Starbucks has been able to establish itself as a company in key cities around the world, where they can cater to the people with time and money to be spent with their friends and families. So far they have been able to open and popularize their outlets in places handle New York, London, Tokyo, Dhaka, Beijing, Istanbul etc. The manner in which Starbucks has been able to successfully implement its strategies, despite oppositions from some quarters is an indication of the script written by Sun Tzu and followed by the company. Sun Tzu stated, There are roads which must not be followed, armies which must be not attacked, towns which must be besieged, positions which must not be contested, commands of the sovereign which must not be obeyed. Despite the

Museum of Tolerance Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Museum of Tolerance - Personal Statement ExampleThe museum without the expertise of the group from Collections department will not be able to accumulate the present collection of precious and prized pieces of arts, literature, and music. The people from Building Operations department are accountable for the museums physical condition and building security department.Management has the responsibility to take necessary actions in order to address the pressing issue of big budget which has been brush off from the museums annual subsidy. After carefully reviewing the current administrative structure, collections, research, public programs, building operations, and all other museum activities, and after examining functional duties of each department, one can inactive cut the Building Operations departments budget. The building has enough security cameras that a dozen of security men are good enough to handle the museums security threat such as burglars, thieves, and vandals.I have vi sited several museums but this has been, by far, one of my favorites. The things may move one of the horrors of the Holocaust but it serves to remind us of our own mortality.

Immigration from Africa to Europe Research Paper

Immigration from Africa to europium - Research Paper ExampleIn the recent time, labor migrants and asylum seekers have shaped migration to these countries. For many centuries, Europe was a leading contributor of migration to other places. This was the case from 1500 to 1800. In contrast, migration from other places to Europe was limited. This was the case until the First World War as only few of Amerindians, Africans, and Asians moved to Europe due to lack of money (Emmer and Lucassen 1). new(prenominal)s were restricted by in-migration restrictions, especially those restricting migrants from the colonies. In Europe, there were fewer barriers to immigrants. This moved to other areas to check for business and investments opportunities. This gave them opportunity to increase their income and their life expectancy, at least in non-tropical countries (Emmer and Lucassen 1). In some European countries, they developed licit instruments that enabled citizens without savings to migrate to other continents. These forms of assistance were not available to non-Europeans. For this reasons, most of the non-Europeans only came to Europe as slaves. In the southern part of Europe, slaves were available due to the Arab congest. On the other hand, slaves in North-Western Europe were the one who come with their masters when visiting Europe. This paper seeks to research on immigration from Africa to Europe. ... In addition, the Italian cities employed slaves from the eastern part of Europe in their countries and colonies (Emmer and Lucassen 1). The demand of slaves continued to increase than before, as more sugarcane was grown. As a result, African salves began to replace slaves from the east due to growth of Turkey blocked the regular slave trade routes. The other factor that contributed their management to Africa was because the Muslims and Christians prisoners of war were no longer available. This prompted thousands of African slaves brought to Portugal, Spain, and Sicily , where they worked as domestic slaves or artisans and in agriculture (Emmer and Lucassen 1). Hundreds of thousand Africans moved to Europe in the 16th century. Other Africans were forced to grow sugar canes in Southern Spain and Portugal (Emmer and Lucassen 1). Moreover, a few Africans were brought to Europe through the new world some of them had been born in the America. These immigrants were accompanying their master while they retained their slave place in Europe. In the middle of the 18th century, London had about 15,000 Africans (Emmer and Lucassen 1). However, at this time the numbers of Africans in Europe were small. Some of the abandoned slaves fought successful legal battles not to be taken back to West Indies. These legal cases established that forced migration had no legal basis in British law. On the other hand, Dutch and French laws did not recognize slavery, and this made it difficult for slave masters to move to these countries accompanied by their slaves (Emmer and Lucassen 1). The end of the 18th century saw few non-Europeans relocate to Europe due to the end of slavery. The migration to Europe rose significantly in the twentieth century. The

Teacher Education Essay Example for Free

Teacher Education EssayA inculcateer is someone whose job is to con especially in a school whether it is a secondary school, primary school or even kindergarten. Every teacher should have their qualification in order to be a teacher in a school. So, I think that a kindergarten teacher should have at least a underlying degree to qualify them to be a considerably kindergarten teacher. Why kindergarten teacher should have a basic degree? There are several reasons why kindergarten teachers need a basic degree which is to en undisputable the children get a good early education, the teachers foundation provide good teaching skills and to make up the emulation among the university students nowadays. Teachers with a basic degree will ensure the children get a good early education. As we all know, world nowadays needs battalion with high aim of education and to fulfill this mission, we need a teachers with wide knowledges and experiences which is a graduated students with basic d egree can provide. . Besides, the children are like a white and blank cloth so it is teachers and parents who will colour them. The teachers with a basic degree have good enough knowledge to teach their students and they can provide correct and good education for the kids thus producing good generation for the future.The kindergarten teachers with a basic degree also can provide a good teaching skill for the students. At the university, the students are rise teached with the ways to provide good study environment, good teaching skills and various styles to comfort the students. So, the teachers can teach the kids in a proper way ensuring they get a good education and the teachers can provide a good and enjoyful environment for the children to study well thus producing excellent and intelligent students. As we know, the children are very active so we need an enjoyful and bright environment to comfort them.The needs for kindergarten teachers to have at least a basic degree can increa se the competition among the university students nowadays. The rate of failure rate among the students in the university nowadays is increasing so the increase of qualification in order to get a job will ensure the students to study hard to achieve good results when they graduated. This willincrease the level of education in our country thus producing good image for the country.In conclusion, the kindergarten teachers should have at least a basic degree to make sure the children get a well early educat

The Definition of Success Essay Example for Free

The Definition of Success EssaySuccessThe American romance is a large house, a speedy car, and financial freedom. For some, it includes a boat, a RV, and a cottage by the lake. However, another definition of conquest doesnt discover any of these. Success does not have anything to do with material goods but is rather tied to broader concepts.One measure of success is how happy a mortal is. For some batch, they might feel their happiest when they have luxurious items. However, this is not universally true and is consequently not a true measure of success. Happiness for well-nigh people is a happy and loving family. If this is someones definition of success, then their family is what defines their success. For some, this success might mean trying new things and a life style that supports it. Success is tied in with happiness because they ar both highly subjective.Health can also be considered a defining factor in success. People feel unsuccessful if they, or someone they lo ve, are not healthy. For instance, can father feel successful if his child is ill? This is why doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and hospitals are so important. Not only do they allow people to live longer, but they also allow people to feel successful in their life.Finally, success can mean overcoming hardships. No one likes hard and rough times with tears and pain. Someone who has come through the pain often feels like he or she has accomplished something. An individual that has overcome an obstacle achieves a measure of success. As David Brinkley has stated, a man can be proud if he has set(p) a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown at him. The most valuable lessons can come from failures. Like Dale Carnegie said, Discouragement and failure are cardinal of the surest stepping stones to success. And who could understand the meaning of success if they did not experience disappointment? Light would not exist without darkness and success would not be truly achieved without failure. tho we all hope that this failure is only temporary.People want to achieve success and make plans to reach it. However, with anarrow interpretation of success, many people have no chance of finding it. They will continue to find themselves going the wrong way, missing out on opportunities, and happy moments along the way.

Evolutionary Biology Essay Essay Example for Free

Evolutionary Biology Essay EssayChecks article How Africa wise(p) to Love the Cow explores the studies and look into of Sarah Tishkoff on genetic mutation and evolution of, much specifically, the gene that codes for lactase and lactase persistence in spite of appearance individuals in Africa. The frequence with which these genes occur fluctuates dramatically, which is noted in Tishkoffs study on African populations, and account for tolerance and intolerance of lactose within humans (Check). It is interesting to settle that environment may affect genetic mutation within individuals as well. Tishkoffs research on lactose tolerance within humans in Africa is a revolutionary prospect, which allows new(prenominal)s to study the issue of lactose intolerance in adult humans and view evolutionary trends in varied populations of humans, bringing spick-and-span information and proof of evolution to the table.Only certain individuals from certain populations can tolerate milk as ad ults due to various factors, such as the figurehead of the gene that codes for the production of the enzyme lactase, natural selection, and vertical gene transfer. Lactase is essential for breaking down lactose, a sugar within cow milk that would other pass through a humans digestive system undigested (Check 1). Within adult humans, the gene that codes for the production of the enzyme lactase is some judgment of convictions silent or missing, which causes the intolerance of milk and causes lactose to have unpleasant results (Check 1) if ingested by an individual. On the other hand, if this gene is lay, there argon multiple reasons as to wherefore these individuals have it. According to anthropological studies in the 1960s, humans who tended and reared cattle for a living generally had tolerance for milk as adults (Check 1).This could be due to the whole shebang of natural selection and vertical gene transfer. It is practicable that the ancestors of these humans, who could tol erate milk and could take advantage of its nutritional benefits, had a higher survival rate than the individuals who could not tolerate milk since diarrhea, which is a common result of lactose indigestion, exacerbates dehydration and can prove fatal during a famine or drought (Check 3).This would whence lead to vertical gene transfer, which refers to the transfer of genes to offspring from sexual reproduction. If an individual with favorable genes were to mate, his genetic code could possibly be transferred to his offspring, which explains lactase persistence within humans at present. It is interesting to note that the existence of this lactase gene that has such specific, easily identifiable purposes, and frequency of appearance in unrelated individuals are strong indicators of convergent evolution (Check 1).The Homo Neanderthalensis is an extinct species that mainly survived on the hunter/gatherer lifestyle, scavenging for sustenance and hunting animals for food with this in mind , it is highly possible that these individuals were lactose intolerant. Since the Homo Neanderthalensis were hunter/gatherers who relied on other methods of surviving than rearing and domesticating cattle, the idea of drinking milk from cattle rather than immediately killing it for core group was most likely foreign and is telling evidence that they most likely were lactose intolerant. This can be inferred due to the research presented earlier that adult individuals with more exposure to cattle rearing were generally had a higher chance of lactase persistence than those who did not raise or domesticate cattle for survival. legal opinion by past research and Tishkoffs study in Africa, if a population was to stop drinking milk for a prolonged period of time through multiple generations due to the introduction and increased availability of other foods and resources, that population may develop a lactose intolerance that was not present before. This is due to the idea that extended exp erience with milk results in a higher frequency of the gene that codes for lactase production. This effect is magnified with the presence of other evolutionary and genetic trends that occur naturally such as vertical genetic transfer.Today, lactose intolerance within adults remains a widespread issue. With the approach of lactose-free milks such as soymilk, the problem may have been somewhat appeased for lactose intolerant milk lovers. However, the fact remains that many adults still cannot tolerate milk. With the research of numerous anthropologists, geneticists, and Tishkoff, we can make sense of why this is still an issue and present educated inferences about our history.

Multi Disciplinary Approach Case Study

Multi Disciplinary Approach Case StudyBased on the information provided, what of necessity, risks and strengths can you identify in intercourse to the individual or family in the case study? How would you computer programme the assessment, including consideration of the use up for a multi disciplinary approach?Case study EJames drink down is 16 years old, white and tarrys at home with his mother, Sarah, her same sexpartner, Teresa, and his younger sister Joanne, who is 13 years. Jameshas no pass on with his birth father, who left Sarah when she was pregnant withJoanne, just now he does keep back a close congenericship with his paternal grandp arnts,who live nearby. James has been in trouble with the police since he was 13years old, and has numerous convictions for c ar theft, obstinance of cannabisand ecstasy and for house burglaries.Sarah has asked a kind worker to visither, since she feels that she can no longer cope with the situation and feelsthat the whole family is in danger of fallingapart. Joanne is beginning to stop out at friends all the time and clearlydoes not want to be at home, where there are frequent arguments. Teresa worksin a very demanding job, involving a pass on of travelling, and Sarah feels she isspending less and less time at home because of Jamess behaviour.Research published in Child ProtectionMessages from Research (surgical incision of Health, 1995 cited in Horwath, 2001)states that families often feel they leave out control and autonomy when dealingwith fond dishs departments. This becomes particularly jobatic whenassessments focus on family weaknesses and disadvantages. Hence a holisticapproach utilising strengths and identifying need is required. This approachforms the crux of the simulation for the Assessment of Children in Need andtheir Families. Sarah has identified the family difficultiesand has requested support this is encouraging, suggesting commitment to thewell being of the family, and to change. It is im portant to heightslight thisstrength to the family and emphasise that together we will work to build uponthis. James has a close relationship with hispaternal grandparents, adding to the family resilience and acting as animportant resource during periods of difficultly. Hence grandparents should beengaged with the planning of the assessment.The familys economic status is not clearhowever there is at least one family member in employment. Traditionally thisis interpreted as a familial resilience factor. Awareness of differingperspectives is essential the nature of Teresas work and the work of theemployment on the family as a whole is currently unknown and whence couldequally be viewed as a risk factor by the family.James has conventional offending behaviourand has been involved with illegal drugs in several(prenominal) capacity. Family and professionals will generally view this as risky behaviour however it must beconsidered that criminal body process could be viewed as a stren gth within some fond groups, hence it is essential to ascertain all points of view, withoutprejudgement and then consider ways forward together.There possibly risk linked to the lessening orloss of James attachment to Teresa as she is spending less and less time athome. Equally, there could be risk attached to the emf loss ofattachment between Joanne and James, as Joanne is stay(ing) out withfriends.and clearly does not want to be at home. The family is under a greatdeal of strain, and it seems Joanne and Teresa are coping with this by shiftingaway from the house shit. This gives some insight as to how the family functionsunder stress this will need to be explored further with Sarah and Teresa to identify the processes that will ensure the family achieve theirdesired outcomes when faced with difficulties.James has no contact with his father, raising concerns close to paternal attachment and possible negative life events/experiences due to insularism. The assessment will need to explore how James and his family view this separation again each may hold conflictingviews and this must be sensitively addressed.One must consider that the immediate family unit, the extended family and professionals may all have differing perceptions of families with same-sex caregivers some view this as strength whereas others will see membership of a minority group as a risk. Family members themselves may negatively purloin on the basis of sexuality. Prior awareness of the possibility of conflicting opinions will enable the worker to react legal opinionfully and mediate effectively. The social worker should critically evaluate their own workout continuously, checking for assumptions, stereotyping and pagan bias.Preparation for the assessment should begin with ensuring an seize social worker is allocated. The team manager should consider the field workers intimacy and understanding of the issues pertaining to this particular family (for example youth offending, discriminati on/oppression ground on sexuality/gender, attachment issues etc), as well as ensuring the worker is an appropriate match in terms of race and gender.Once a suitable worker is allocated thecase, he/she will need to refer to all information gathered previously. This will prevent the family repeating sensitive information again, and will enable the social worker to identify gaps in information that need to be change during the assessment.Assessments and subsequent care plans are to a greater extent effective if the child and family feel empowered and involved throughout the process (Department for Education and Skills, 2001). Indeed this is a profession of all professional working with children as outlined in Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Childthe child who is capable of forming his or her own views (has) the right to express those viewsfreely in all matters affecting the child, the views of the child being givendue weight in accordance with the a ge and maturity of the childThe social worker must engage with James and his family at the outset, establishing how and where theassessment will be carried out, exactly what help is requested and identifying desired outcomes.As outlined in the Framework for theAssessment of Children in Need and their Families, the social worker andfamily should identify the relevant agencies to be involved in the assessment and ensure it is clear to all professionals and the family the precise voice andpurpose of each professional. Advice and information will be sought by identifying all key informants, recording their details and organising aschedule to collect information from these people or organisations. The succeeding(a) would be a minimum essential list of informantsFamilyGP and other relevant health professionalsYouth Offending TeamJamesschool/collegePaternal grandparentsJoannes schoolPrior to any interviews taking place, a list of essential questions should be drawn up to give structure a nd purpose to the meetings. Following these initial discussions, further interviews may beneeded with Connexions, topical anesthetic police, wider family, or other community groups, in order to build a comprehensive picture of the family.In planning any assessment, there should be a clear statement of intent, outlining the purpose, limitations and timescales of the assessment. This must be shared with the child and their family. For all assessments this will include the main principles of the Children Act 1989. The particular focus for this assessment should completely be decided upon after further consultation with the James and his family.In what ways does the information provided in the case study raiseissues of power, disadvantage and oppression? You are asked to carry on out an assessment of need? How would you attempt to work in an anti-oppressive way?Case study CRazia Akhtar is a 26-year-old single woman, of South Asiatic Muslim origin, (although born is Britain) who is c urrently in hospital, following a rapid deterioration in her physical health. She has now been given a diagnosis of threefold Sclerosis. Razia lives alone in a small terraced house, and is very keen to return home as soon as possible. Her older brother and his wife, Mohammed Khan and Shanaz Begum, who live on the next street, have suggested that she moves in with them, but she is very reluctant to do so. The hospital staff feel that Razia is being very unrealistic roughly her future, and that she needs to come to terms with the fact that she willbe dependent on others for the rest of her life. Her present condition is such that she will need quite a high level of personalassistance, with someone to get her up in the morning and help her to bed at night.The hospital based social worker is asked to carry out an assessment to determine Razia needs once she is discharged from hospital.Power describes the capacity to influence or control people, events, processes or resources (Thompson ,2003, pg 152). If utilized in a negative fashion, power can be a significant barrier to equality and lead to oppression and disadvantage. Imbalances of power can manifest in a variety of social work situations in this case study there are potentially a multitude of disparities of power, which require critically reflective practice to ensure equality and empowerment are promoted.When debating issues of oppression and disadvantage, we must consider the process starring(p) to it negative discrimination. Negative discrimination is defined by the realization of negative attributes with regard to a person or group of people (Thompson 2003). Generally negative discrimination relates to social and biological constructs and can be based upon sexual orientation, gender, class, race, disability, age and so on. Negative discrimination creates the circumstances that give rise to oppression, which is defined by Thompson (2001) asinhuman or degrading manipulation of individuals or groups hard ship and injustice brought about by one group or another the negative and demeaning exercise of power (pg 34)In relation to little girl Akhtar, we should consider the power that is implied through hospital staff having superior medical knowledge, skills and expertise in relation to Miss Akhtar. From the case notes provided, it appears that current thought relating to Miss Akhtars long-term care is based upon the medical model the impairment is seen as the problem and her dependence is emphasized (Adams et al, 2002). Thompson(2001) says social work should take a demedicalised stance and look past thepathology, utilizing the social model of disability as described by Adams et al (2002). The social model suggests Miss Akhtars needs should be considered in a much wider context, ensuring her social and mental health are given equal consideration to her medical needs. Viewing societal constraints as the problem and not the individual creates the frame of mind to consider how to remove ba rriers to mainstream social, political and economic life. The social worker should liaise with Miss Akhtar and look towards an solution-focused (not impairment-focused) care plan where by within the assessment, barriers are identified and solutions sought collaboratively, utilizing Miss Akhtars strengths.Miss Akhtar has an autoimmune degenerative disease and again, it is well documented that individuals with physical disabilities are more likely to be subjected to oppressive practices. Dehumanizing and medicalised actors line can result in a loss of esteem and a sense of disempowerment for the physically impaired service user. This can be prevented by avoiding jargon and providing lots of opportunities for questions and open discussion when working through the assessment with Miss Akhtar. Professionals should continually check themselves for use of infantilizing language andensure they engage in mature, adult discourse with Miss Akhtar.Miss Akhtars religious and cultural needs shou ld be explored and understood as central part of the assessment. These needs must be identified as quickly as possible, to ensure the worker can besensitive to Miss Akhtars Islamic or other customs, without making cultural assumptions. Karmi (1996) examines the Islamic emphasis on modesty hence the worker should consider with Miss Akhtar the extent to which her modesty should be preserved throughout the assessment. It should be explored if Miss Akhtar would prefer female medical staff and social care professionals only to be involved in the assessment and clear guidelines should be established around preservation of modesty and the practice of physical examinations.It is accepted in many Muslim communities that the most senior male of the family will take responsibility for a female relatives care. Hence it is possible there may be an imbalance of power between Miss Akhtar and Mr. Begum, dependent on their personal beliefs and how far these fit with each others religious and cultur al ideals. If there is a difference in these ideals, the social worker should strive to empower Miss Akhtar by discussing choices and involving a culturally matched advocate if Miss Akhtar desires, in order to mediate within the family. This must be managed sensitively, as Miss Akhtar, Mr. Begum and the social worker may all hold very different views regarding patriarchal hierarchies. The diversity of these views should be acknowledged and respected within the assessment. It is important to be aware of ethnocentrism, as described by Thompson (2003), whereby situations are viewed from the norms of a majority culture and those values projected onto the minority. This can be countered by critically reflective practice, which will promote consciousness of power and oppression, leading to a decreased likelihood of the worker making inaccurate ideological inferences.Discrimination and oppression can arise through an imbalance in the scattering of financial or other material resources. Th is is a concern in this case study as Miss Akhtars economic status prior to her nausea is not clear. Miss Akhtar may experience barriers in accessing the same level of financial resources as previously. Hence the social worker and potentially Mr. Begum could be in positions of power as they are likely to have control over the allocation of resources. This should be countered by being very open with Miss Akhtar and avoiding unlikeable decision-making and mystery. Again, this promotes equality as it avoids welfarism, whereby it is assumed the Miss Akhtar requires welfare services dueto her disability (Thompson, 2003).Due thought must be given to use of language and culturally biased humour throughout the assessment. Miss Akhtaris an ethnic minority in the UK as such Thompson (2003) states discriminationcan occur at personal and cultural levels. It is the role of the social workerto critically reflect on their personal prejudices, which could lead to discriminatory stereotyping. Pers onal discrimination is enveloped by inequity at a cultural level, whereby ethnic minorities, and hence Miss Akhtar, maybe subjected to a general felling of not belonging and polarization, by the use of culturally-specific language and humour.A central theme throughout these case studies is the need to put the service user at the heart of all planning, decision-making and reviews. Care packages imposed upon users will be ineffective users must be enabled to help themselves, whilst the social workertakes every opportunity to stand in the users shoes and see life from thetheir perspective.ReferencesAdams, Robert et al (eds) 2002 CriticalPractice in Social Work. Basingstoke, Palgrave.Great Britain (1989) Children Act 1989(C41). London, Stationery OfficeDepartment for Education and Skills (2001) Learningto Listen Core principles for involvement of Children and Young People. Availablefrom www.dfee.gov.uk/cypuDepartment of Health (2000) Frameworkfor the assessment of children in need and t heir families London, TheStationary Office.Horwath, Jan (eds) 2001 The ChildsWorld Assessing Children in Need. London, Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Karmi, Ghada (1996) The EthicalHandbook A Factfile for Health Care Professionals. Oxford, BlackwellScience LTDThompson, Neil (2001) Anti-discriminatoryPractice third Ed. Basingstoke, Palgrave.Thompson, Neil (2003) PromotingEquality Challenging Discrimination and Oppression 2nd Ed. NewYork, PalgraveUnited Nations (1991) United NationsConvention on the Rights of the Child (online). Available fromhttp//www.unicef.org/crc/fulltext.htm